Google Lighthouse is a powerful tool that helps you identify and fix accessibility issues on your website. It provides a comprehensive report on how your site is performing in terms of accessibility.
The tool is integrated with popular web development tools like Chrome DevTools and Visual Studio Code, making it easy to use. With Lighthouse, you can audit your website for accessibility issues and receive actionable recommendations to improve its usability.
One of the key features of Lighthouse is its ability to simulate different user scenarios, such as visual or motor impairments. This allows you to see how your website would be experienced by users with different abilities.
What is Lighthouse?
Lighthouse is a free, open-source tool provided by Google. It's a powerful tool that can be used in Chrome DevTools to analyze any page, whether it's public or requires authorization.
Lighthouse runs a series of audits on the page, providing a report of how the page performed. This report details the issue, why it's important, and how it can be addressed.
The tool looks at the page's performance, accessibility, web development best practices, search engine optimization (SEO), and modern web capabilities.
Understanding Lighthouse
Lighthouse is a free, open-source tool provided by Google that analyzes a page's performance, accessibility, web development best practices, search engine optimization (SEO), and modern web capabilities. It's built into Chrome devtools, making it easily accessible.
The tool runs a series of audits and provides a report detailing the issue, why it's important, and how it can be addressed. This report covers a range of performance metrics, reviews the user experience, and measures visibility.
Here are the five main website optimization categories that Lighthouse performs audits for:
- Performance
- Accessibility
- Best Practices
- SEO
- Progressive Web App
It's worth noting that Lighthouse does use axe-core for accessibility audit, but it doesn't run the full set of about 70 tests that the axe extension does.
What is Lighthouse?
Lighthouse is a free, open-source tool provided by Google. It's available in Chrome DevTools and can analyze any page, public or private, by running a series of audits.
These audits cover a range of performance metrics, including page performance, accessibility, web development best practices, search engine optimization (SEO), and modern web capabilities. Lighthouse provides a report detailing the issue, why it's important, and how it can be addressed.
The tool's core premise is to run multiple audits to ensure thorough testing of a page. This results in a wide range of results, but it's exactly what you want to ensure you've checked for every potential performance risk.
How It Works
Google Lighthouse works by performing audits for five main website optimization categories. This includes a thorough examination of your website's performance, accessibility, and user experience.
These audits are designed to identify areas for improvement, helping you optimize your website for better search engine rankings and user satisfaction.
Google Lighthouse checks for performance issues, such as slow loading times and inefficient code, to ensure your website loads quickly and efficiently.
It also evaluates your website's accessibility, checking for features that make it easier for users with disabilities to navigate and use your site.
Lighthouse audits are comprehensive, covering areas like search engine optimization (SEO), accessibility, performance, best practices, and progressive web app (PWA) features.
By running these audits, you can gain valuable insights into how to improve your website and make it more user-friendly and search engine friendly.
Accessibility Features
Chrome DevTools offers several tools and features specifically designed to help developers audit and improve the accessibility of their websites.
Lighthouse's accessibility test analyzes how well people who use assistive technologies can use your website, giving you a score out of 100, with higher scores indicating better accessibility.
The tool highlights opportunities to improve your overall accessibility, and specifically looks at elements like buttons and links to see whether they're described well, and analyzes images to see whether alt text is specified.
Arria Support
ARIA is a set of attributes that make web content and applications more accessible to people with disabilities.
Chrome DevTools provides tools to inspect and validate ARIA attributes. To inspect ARIA attributes, select an element in the "Elements" panel and look for ARIA attributes in the "Attributes" section and in the "Accessibility" pane.
The "Accessibility" pane will show how ARIA attributes are interpreted and whether there are any issues with their usage.
ARIA attributes are crucial for making web content and applications accessible to people with disabilities.
Simulate Vision Deficiencies
Chrome DevTools allows you to simulate different types of vision deficiencies to understand how your website appears to users with these impairments. This feature helps in ensuring that your website is usable for a broader audience.
To simulate vision deficiencies, open Chrome DevTools and go to the “Rendering” tab in the “More Tools” menu. Under “Emulate vision deficiencies,” select the type of deficiency you want to simulate, such as blurred vision or protanopia.
You can simulate vision deficiencies like blurred vision, protanopia, or deuteranopia to see how your website looks to users with these impairments.
Here are the steps to simulate vision deficiencies:
- Open Chrome DevTools and go to the “Rendering” tab in the “More Tools” menu.
- Under “Emulate vision deficiencies,” select the type of deficiency you want to simulate (e.g., blurred vision, protanopia).
By simulating vision deficiencies, you can identify and fix issues that might make your website inaccessible to users with visual impairments.
Chrome DevTools and Lighthouse
Chrome DevTools offers several tools and features specifically designed to help developers audit and improve the accessibility of their websites. It includes features such as regularly running Lighthouse audits and checking color contrast to ensure all text meets the minimum contrast ratios as per WCAG guidelines.
To use Chrome DevTools effectively for accessibility, follow these best practices: Regularly run Lighthouse audits to catch and fix issues early.Check color contrast to ensure all text meets the minimum contrast ratios.Validate ARIA usage to ensure it enhances accessibility without introducing confusion.Test keyboard navigation to ensure all interactive elements are accessible via the keyboard.Simulate vision deficiencies to ensure usability for all users.
Lighthouse is a built-in tool in Chrome DevTools that analyzes factors such as accessibility, SEO, performance, and best practices. However, it's not as robust as some other tools and can be limited in its accessibility audit capabilities, as it uses axe-core but doesn't run the full set of about 70 tests that the axe extension does.
Using via Node Module
You can run Lighthouse audits using a Node JavaScript module, specifically Google Lighthouse. This allows you to automate audits and integrate them into your development workflow.
Using a Node module provides a convenient way to run Lighthouse audits from within your Node.js code.
Where to Access?
You can access Google Lighthouse by first checking if it's available in the Inspect element. If it's not available, you can download the Lighthouse extension and install it. Now you can run the audit from Lighthouse and even edit the URL to check the metrics of your webpage.
Chrome DevTools Features
Chrome DevTools offers a range of features to help developers improve the accessibility of their websites.
Chrome DevTools is built with accessibility in mind, offering several tools and features specifically designed to help developers audit and improve the accessibility of their websites.
You can check color contrast to ensure all text meets the minimum contrast ratios as per WCAG guidelines.
Regularly running Lighthouse audits is a best practice for enhancing your website's accessibility, making it a part of your development workflow to catch and fix issues early.
Lighthouse is developed by Google and is built into Chrome DevTools, allowing you to analyze more than just accessibility, including SEO, performance, and best practices.
The Lighthouse tool can analyze factors such as SEO, performance, and best practices, in addition to accessibility.
Here are some key features of Chrome DevTools for accessibility:
- Regularly run Lighthouse audits
- Check color contrast
- Validate ARIA usage
- Test keyboard navigation
- Simulate vision deficiencies
Color Contrast and Visual Issues
Color contrast is crucial for users with visual impairments, including color blindness and low vision. Proper color contrast is essential for readability.
Chrome DevTools includes a built-in color contrast checker to help ensure that your text is readable against its background. This tool can be accessed in the “Elements” panel by selecting an element with text.
To use the color contrast checker, click on the color square next to the “color” style property in the “Styles” pane. This will show contrast ratios and indicate whether they meet WCAG guidelines (AA and AAA levels).
The color contrast checker is a valuable tool for ensuring accessibility. By using it, you can ensure that your website is usable by everyone, regardless of their visual abilities.
Here are the WCAG guidelines for color contrast:
Audits and Performance
Google Lighthouse is a powerful tool for auditing and improving the performance of your website. It measures the performance of your webpage and finds opportunities to increase performance. The metrics are scored in milliseconds and range between 0-100, with higher scores indicating better performance.
Lighthouse performance scoring is determined by various factors, including advertisement loading, third-party application loading, internet connectivity routing changes, device type, antivirus installed, and firewall securities. The metrics are scored based on the time taken to load the webpage, with slower loading times resulting in lower scores.
To improve your website's performance, you can refer to the Lighthouse scoring calculator and adjust the metrics manually. Some common issues that can affect performance include slow server response times, render-blocking JavaScript and CSS, and resource load times. By addressing these issues, you can improve your website's performance and user experience.
Website Audits
Website Audits are a crucial step in ensuring your website is performing optimally. Lighthouse is an automated tool integrated into Chrome DevTools that provides comprehensive audits for performance, accessibility, best practices, SEO, and Progressive Web Apps.
To run a website audit with Lighthouse, you can follow these steps: make your page fast and secure, and then use Lighthouse to identify issues and provide guidance on how to fix them.
Lighthouse will generate a detailed report with a score and actionable recommendations for improving accessibility. The report will highlight opportunities to improve the accessibility of your web app, including issues with improper hierarchy, missing alt tags, and non-crawlable anchor tags.
Here are some key metrics to focus on for performance audits:
To improve your website's performance, focus on optimizing your server, establishing third-party connections early, compressing image and video sizes, and preloading important resources early. Additionally, minimize critical JavaScript and use a web worker to reduce JavaScript execution time.
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) is a measure of a page's visual stability, with a weightage of just 5%. A good CLS score is less than 0.1 seconds.
The CLS score is color-coded to help you quickly assess your page's performance. Here's a breakdown of what each color means:
A CLS score of 0.25 or higher is considered poor, and you should aim to fix any issues causing this.
Performance Metrics
Google Lighthouse Performance Metrics are a crucial part of ensuring your website provides a great user experience. These metrics measure various aspects of your website's performance, including page loading speed, content visibility, and user interaction.
A high score in Lighthouse Performance Scoring indicates a faster page loading speed, with a lower score meaning a slower loading speed. Some common factors affecting performance metrics include advertisements, third-party applications, and internet connectivity routing changes.
Lighthouse Scoring Calculator is a useful tool to determine the metrics score, which ranges between 0-100, measured in milliseconds. For example, a Largest Content Paint (LCP) of 1200ms would give a performance score of around 99.
The 25th percentile of HTTPArchive data corresponds to a score of 50, and the 8th percentile corresponds to a score of 90. This scoring curve model helps identify areas for improvement.
Mobile PageSpeed scores differ significantly from desktop scores due to slower processors, cellular networks, and device-specific CSS rules.
To achieve a great user experience, aim for a score of 90-100. A perfect score of 100 is challenging to achieve, requiring significant metric enhancement.
Here are the 7 important metrics for performance audits, each contributing a percentage to the total performance score:
Common performance issues include slow server response times, render-blocking JavaScript and CSS, and resource load times. To improve performance, consider minifying CSS and JavaScript, removing unused CSS and JavaScript, and removing inline CSS.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a good Lighthouse accessibility score?
A good Lighthouse accessibility score is 90-100, with 90 being a minimum benchmark and 100 being extremely challenging to achieve. Aim for 90-94 to see significant improvements, but know that reaching 100 requires substantial metric improvement.
Is Lighthouse WCAG compliant?
Lighthouse is not a guarantee of WCAG compliance, but it can help identify common accessibility issues. Automated tools like Lighthouse can't replace human evaluation for full WCAG conformance.
Sources
- https://namtheartist95.medium.com/accessibility-in-chrome-devtools-a-comprehensive-guide-web-designer-nam-le-thanh-b795531b8760
- https://www.semrush.com/blog/google-lighthouse/
- https://www.reffine.com/en/blog/Limitations-of-Lighthouse-and-PageSpeed-Insights-Real-User-Monitoring-Perspective
- https://www.prometsource.com/blog/best-automated-web-accessibility-tools
- https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/google-lighthouse-tool
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